New York State's Controversial Brownfield Cleanup Law - Part 1

 At the last night's scoping session before the Greenburgh Town Board, several issues were raised about the brownfield nature of the site where JPI/TDI seeks to build The Jefferson. A “brownfield” is a term used in urban planning to describe land previously used for industrial purposes which has been contaminated with hazardous substances as a result of prior polluting operations at the location. This accurately describes the site where the Jefferson is scheduled to be built.          

 As noted in an earlier blog post, it was revealed the developer will be entitled to certain tax credits from New York State in connection with the cost to bring One Lawrence Street up to environmental standards suitable for residential purposes as well as also being entitled to additional credits depending on its final project construction costs. 

Of course, this was not disclosed on their website which only announced they will be spending millions to clean up the site. While this may be true (and to date JPI/TDI has not started its investigation of the location to determine the scope of the contamination, a process that will take many months), all New York State taxpayers will be reimbursing a portion of these costs to the developer under New York State’s Brownfield Cleanup Law (“BCL”) (which is administered by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation ("DEC").  To help understand the brownfield issues at The Jefferson site, we will, over several posts, and as the need arises, provide information about New York's controversial Brownfield Cleanup Law.

Introduction:

After the second scoping session was closed (subject to two (2) additional weeks to kept the record open for further comments from the public regarding the scoping document), Bob Bernstein, the president of the Edgemont Community Council spoke at length about “Xposure," an after school project funded by the taxpayers who live in the unincorporated section of the Town of Greenburgh such as Edgemont. As noted by Mr. Bernstein, no one was questioning the value of the Xposure program which, according to a New York Times article posted on Xposure's website, is a practical business program that exposes children to job interviewing skills, work etiquette, how to make investments and otherwise introduces them to the world of finance. 

What makes the Xposure program controversial is that, among other things, it is apparently serving only one school district in the Town of Greenburgh, Greenburgh Central. (Greenburgh, including the districts named after the villages, has eleven school districts). Mr. Bernstein's central point was that Town tax dollars should not be spent this way and he suggested the proper way to fund Xposure was to obtain grants from various agencies. In fact, the Xposure program in Greenburgh was originally funded primarily by grants from the Lanza Family Foundation, a local charity founded by philanthropist Patrica Lanza of Eastchester. However, when Mrs. Lanza passed away in 2014, the grants ceased. The Town then stepped in and fully funded the program which includes providing free buses from the Greenburgh Central School District to the Theodore T. Young Community Center (which is near Town Hall) where the Xposure classes are held.

On a historical yet clearly topical note, Mr. Bernstein's comments are well grounded. Along these lines, the Preamble to the United Stated Constitution (written in 1787) (and now taught in 5th grade under the Common Core), contains the following purpose: "To promote the general welfare." Even our framers were cognizant that government spending should serve all persons and not a select group. 

How taxes should be allocated was also on the mind of the late David M. Glixon, a noted editor and book reviewer, who lived on Prospect Avenue in Ardsley, when in a letter dated October 5, 1966 and published in the October 9, 1966 edition of The New York Times, he wrote the following to the newspaper’s editor concerning the then burning issue of the Vietnam War:

"According to a plan just approved by the Senate Finance Committee, taxpayers would indicate on their returns whether they wish a portion of their tax to be allocated to Presidential campaign funds. 

It is indeed high time we had a say on the use of our money. But why stop at campaign funds? How about a box to be checked if the taxpayer prefers that his taxes not be used to finance an undeclared war?"

What are Tax Credits and Are they Effective? 
In November 2013, a report was prepared for the New York State Tax Reform and Fairness Commission entitled: New York State Business Tax Credits: Analysis and Evaluation. A tax credit is a tax incentive which allows certain taxpayers to subtract the amount of the credit from the total tax they owe the State. The report's main focus was an analysis of New York State's two largest tax credit incentives - the most expensive one being its brownfield cleanup program followed by the film industry.

In the Executive Summary the following appears: 

           "In the 2013 tax year, New York State (NYS) provided an estimated $1.7 billion in 50 business tax credits to encourage taxpayers to engage in specific activities. Business tax credits and other incentives have laudable goals such as encouraging economic development statewide; promoting job growth in distressed areas; and furthering the state’s social, housing, and environmental policies. Economic development officials value business tax incentives as tools needed to compete with other states. There is, however, no conclusive evidence from research studies conducted since the mid-1950s to show that business tax incentives have an impact on net economic gains . . . above and beyond the level that would have been attained absent the incentives." (bold supplied). 

What prompted the 2103 report was a concern that the number and costs of the tax credits offered by New York State were escalating and the need for reform was apparent especially in light of several highly questionable uses of, for example, brownfield cleanup credits in conjunction with the development of luxury housing in New York City and Westchester County, such as the Ritz Carlton in White Plains.

However, and in line with the observations on tax policy made in the Introduction by Messrs. Bernstein and Glixon, the report's proposed reforms were directed at the credits themselves, not the underlying activity they were seeking to address. The question for the legislature (and in fact the taxpayers) is whether these goals the credits sought to address are best implemented through the tax code by the use of business tax credits including tax credits for cleaning up brownfields. Of course, as the Executive Summary indicated, despite a half century of experience, there was no conclusive evidence that tax credits were either economically sound or good public policy. In other words, it seemed that the tax credits, by and large, ended up subsidizing select forms of business activity that would have occurred regardless of the tax credits.

The Jefferson at Saw Mill and the BCL

The first time the public heard of The Jefferson at Saw Mill and its connection with New York’s Brownfield Cleanup Program was found in a Public Notice published in the Journal News (reproduced below). Did you see it?  While it appears this notice complies with BCL regulations, the posting of a public notice in a newspaper that doesn't focus on Greenburgh (such as either the Rivertowns Enterprise or the Scarsdale Inquirer) about the proposed clean up of a hazardous waste site will undoubtedly give rise to head shaking.  

Not surprisingly, the DEC’s Project Remediation Bureau did not receive any comments to The Jefferson’s application to enter the Brownfield Cleanup Program.  Perhaps the Bureau might have been advised of JPI/TDI’s consent decree with the United States Justice Department regarding their violations of the federal fair housing law and the payment of a record fine in that case.   But we cannot fault the developer if they followed the law as it exists. 

Here, JPI/TDI is no different from any other property developer including presidential candidate Donald Trump, who, at the outset of the Republican presidential primary debate process, when asked about the serial filing for protection under the federal Bankruptcy laws by his companies, unapologetically declared "Four times I've taken advantage of the laws, and frankly so has everyone else in my position."

      

The Gas-Masked Train Invasion in Ardsley

On a snowy Tuesday morning, on February 7, 1939, at 8:00 a.m., a diverse group of twelve veteran Ardsley rail commuters (who regularly took the 8:31 a.m. "Bankers Special"  train to work from the Putnam Division's then existing Ardsley rail station), met at a drug store near the station and donned gas-masks. The gas-masks had been obtained the night before from WW1 veterans, volunteer firemen, and others. Under a police escort, they marched to the train platform with one member of the group hold a large hand painted placard reading "Why go to France and be gassed? It does happen here-on the Putnam Division. Ask the boys who ride the stinky!"

Actually, the protest included several women including Mrs. Lorraine Ruprecht who was an art director and the first female to don a mask and Blaise Recca, a production manager for a publishing firm who made the placard. Other commuters who wore a gas-mask included a Greenburgh councilman, a Wall Street broker, an electrical engineer and various others who worked in the insurance and publishing fields.

When the train reached the station, the gas-masked commuters boarded the train from the snow-swept station where they were subsequently joined by two college students from Briarcliff Manor who joined in the uprising and donned gas-masks. Later that evening, the group wore their gas-masks on the return trip home.

What was this gas-masked brigade event all about?

As explained in several newspaper accounts of the event, the Ardsley commuters (who resided in Ardsley, Dobbs Ferry, Greenburgh and other nearby towns) were objecting to the gasoline engine powered trains the railroad was using on its Putnam Division runs whose fumes made the riders nauseous. Heat was provided by a coal burning stove which added to the misery of the railroad's irate customers.

As reported in the February 6, 1939 edition of The New York Times under an article entitled "Gas Mask Brigade to Invade Trains," the train invasion was part of a plan to embarrass the railroad into providing steam trains as was done on the earlier "Workers' Special" which left at 8:02 a.m.

As we get set for the  upcoming Wednesday, February 10, 2016  second scoping session on The Jefferson which begins at 7:30 pm at Greenburgh Town Hall, let us recall our Ardsley forerunners who stood up seventy seven years ago in February (see picture below) to oppose the gasoline powered machinery of that era as we are doing in 2016 by opposing JPI/TDI's Auto-Oriented Development on Lawrence Street with its 438 parking spaces.

Despite their attempt to spin their 272 unit development as beneficial for our community, JPI/TDI cannot mask the truth that their project is, as the Village of Hastings on Hudson recently indicated in its comments to the proposed scoping document, not only too large by a factor of 300%, but, one that guarantees further burdening of the already strained Saw Mill River Parkway. In a word, the project, as proposed, just like the Putnam Division's 8:31 a.m. gasoline powered train, stinks!

Historical Amnesia at The Jefferson

If  you visit the archives of the Ardsley Historical Society, you will learn that Windsong Road was the name of the ancestral home in Whitehaven, Tennessee (now part of Memphis) of female broadcast pioneer Irene Beasley who at one time owned a 50 acre parcel in  Ardsley along Heatherdell Road.  (Elvis's Graceland is also located in Whitehaven).  Ms. Beasley, who after her career in radio ended, later operated a real estate brokerage office at 486 Ashford Avenue starting in 1960, donated the land that became Windsong Road to the Village of Ardsley on the condition that the street always kept that name. Her sister was named Agnes Conners.  That is where Agnes Circle comes from. Ms. Beasley's home in Ardsley belonged to Captain Israel Honeywell. Inside the house is a mural depicting hundreds of years of history of the house which she also called Windsong.   Ms. Beasely is the subject of an online exhibit hosted by the University of Maryland about female broadcasting pioneers.  Irene Beasley

King Street (off Ashford) is also in the Village of Ardsley.  It is named for the  King Pickle Works founded by Capt. John King. As stated in the Spring/Summer 2011 edition of the newsletter of the Ardsley Historical Society as told by a relative of the King family: "By inheritance and intermarriage, the King family became identified with the civic progress of Ashford-Ardsley. To mention but a few, Captain John King gave the land for the Methodist Church, Ralph’s uncle, John Peene King, served as the first local judge and was Sunday School Superintendent for many years. Ralph’s mother played the organ at Church. His uncle, Capt. George W. King, was a Civil War veteran and lived near our Little Red School House."

As has been written earlier on this blog, The Jefferson is located in the Chauncey Fire Protection District. Right across the street is a retail building called Chauncey Square where the New York Sports Club and Oasis Day Spa are located.

So who was Chauncey? If you study the linked map of Greenburgh from 1867 and enlarge it Greenburgh 1867

and look south of Ashford (Ardsley's name prior to its incorporation as a village in 1896), you will see the following names of what are most likely farms or estates in the general area where Chauncey Square is located : Henry Chauncey, Lawrence, and Danforth, the latter being current street names in the same area. The address of the Jefferson is One Lawrence Street. You can also see King's pickle factory on the map. 

The Putnam Division of the New York Central Railroad (the "Put") ran along what is now the South County Trail from the Bronx to Brewster in Putnam County. The chief drawback of the Put was its lack of a direct connection to Grand Central Station.  Nevertheless, at the time of its demise, Ardsley (which was known for nearly 60 years from the early part of the 20th century till 1958 when the last passenger car left Ardsley's train depot, as "Ardsley on Putnam") had a 300 member commuter group of riders.  A wonderful photograph of that sad event can be found in Ardsley's Village Hall. 

The station just south of Ardsley on the Put was Chauncey. Along the South County Trail, there is a historical marker recalling the station.  An online rail buff site describes Chauncey as follows:

"Originally known as Odell's, Chauncey was at one time among Westchester's most promising suburban communities. Named for Henry Chauncey whose estate was nearby, the village had its own hotel, post office and fire house.

Industries served by the "Put" at this stop included the Brussels Tapestry Company and Stauffer Chemical. Passengers traveling to and from Children's Village, founded as the New York Juvenile Asylum, also used the Chauncey Station."

An illustration of  what Chauncey was like can be found in the August 18, 1928 New York Times (under Social Announcements) which led off with the planned wedding on September 15 of Katherine Stuart Douglas to Henry Percy Douglas at Glenalia, the summer home of the bride's parents in Chauncey, NY.

As noted in "Pictures of Our Past," by Patricia and Fred Arone, a book about Ardsley, "a picturesque woodland area mid-way between Ardsley and Chauncey was known to local residents as Carroll's Woods. A small gazebo added to the charm of the setting."

A 1963 New York Times article about the closing of the post office in Chauncey revealed that Thomas Carvel lived in Chauncey.  Carvel's ice cream machine patents all used his Chauncey, NY mailing address. (Chauncey's homes (now having a Ardsley postal address) are located in the various Winding Roads section of unincorporated Greenburgh which still retains its rural nature). 

Even a newly built subdivision of single family homes in this section of unincorporated Greenburgh is called Chauncey Estates. 

So how does the name "The Jefferson" fit into the area's interesting history? It doesn't. 

As it turns out, for unknown reasons, JPI/TDI, the developer of The Jefferson, homogenizes all of its developments  under its "Jefferson" brand to wit, Jefferson Plaza in Farmingdale and the Jefferson Residences in White Plains. 

We hope it is not derived from Jefferson Davis, the President of the Confederate States of America who had deep connections to Texas initially as a soldier in the Mexican War (where he was commanded by Zachary Taylor (who subsequently became the 12th President of the United States)) which began in 1846 and ended with the recognition by Mexico of US sovereignty over all of Texas north of the Rio Grande. In fact, Texas has 32 counties named for confederate soldiers including "Jeff Davis" County. Texas still has a state holiday called Confederate Heroes Day which is celebrated on January 19.

Alternatively, the use of the Jefferson brand may be  intentional for as many local residents and current and former Ardsley officials have observed, the proposed 272 unit project will radically and existentially change the character of Saw Mill River Road and the Ardsley School District.  

As Robert Apter of Ardsley aptly observed in his terrific letter to the Rivertowns Enterprise last week, the  name "Jefferson" should only be known in Ardsley "as being our third President and the title character of a television show from 1975 to 1985."

Let's hope the developers of The Jefferson are reading the Rivertowns Enterprise in Irving, Texas.  

Incidentally, Irving , Texas is named for famed Amercan writer Washington Irving who apparently never set foot in Texas. 

Texas Shill Game

If you watch the Town Board's work session prior to the first scoping session, you will learn the developer of The Jefferson (JPI/TDI) asked the Town Board  to close the  initial scoping session after the public hearing which would  have foreclosed the second public scoping session now scheduled for February 10, 2016.

We wonder which of the following "owners' values"  (listed below) JPI/TDI was channeling when they sought to limit the input of Greenburgh residents which environmental impacts should be included in the final scoping document:

THE OWNERS’ VALUES

• Be faithful & obedient to God
• Be respectful to & help develop all people
• Be committed to excellence
• Be committed to service
• Be a person of character
• Grow profitably

We are certain first and foremost is the one about profit. 

That JPI/TDI doesn't  care much about the environment is not surprising  - its former CEO was one of the largest campaign contributors to former Texas Governor Rick Perry who maintains that climate change is a hoax. As noted in prior blog postings, The Jefferson project does not appear to have a solar energy component and it is not seeking LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certification, which is the hallmark of green building construction. 

In their various filings with the Town, JPI/TDI is presenting The Jefferson at Saw Mill project as  being a Transit Oriented Development ("TOD") because of its proximity to  the South County Trail which its tenants would use to commute to work.  This nonsense was thoroughly discredited at the first scoping session. It is also the case that JPI/TDI is doing virtually nothing to improve the infrastructure of the South County Trail. Instead it seeks to exploit it as a marketing gimmick. This is nothing short of green "bait and switch."

According to the "experts" at JPI/TDI, the intended residents of The Jefferson are mere millennials who want to live in TODs near walkable downtowns.  This would hardly fit the site they have chosen for The Jefferson (at the corner of Lawrence Street and Saw Mill River Road) which is almost three miles away from the Dobbs Ferry train station. Only one Bee Line bus (the 5 line) appears to service the location.

So it is rather curious to learn that JPI/TDI's current counsel (Neil Alexander of Cuddy & Feder) who is telling us and the Town Board that The Jefferson is the right project (even going so far to claim that no one they met with before presenting it for public consumption was against it) co-wrote an article published in the  November 3, 2015 edition of The New York Law Journal entitled 
"Land Use and Planning: Preventing Flight of Millennials" in which he claims that "Unless suburban municipalities plan to attract the millennial generation, employers will not relocate to the suburban areas."

He then asserts that in order to compete with the the "aesthetic draw to New York City," 
"Westchester, Fairfield, Long Island, and other suburban municipalities must reexamine their local planning goals and transition from "bedroom" communities to communities that facilitate an efficient working and living environment."

The accuracy of these contentions (unlike climate change) is highly debatable. If you look at study after study, the truth is no one knows from year to year what the so called millennials (including the millennials themselves) want or where they desire to live. Moreover, businesses expand or contract for many reasons. Office parks were once the flavor of the day. Now, as is true with, for example, the relocation by General Electric out of  suburban Connecticut, they want to be near a technology hub like the City of Boston. Housing for millennials was not a factor. 

Even before the millennials were discovered as a marketing tool to get municipalities to bend over backward to accommodate developers and ignore the quality of life concerns of local residents, Westchester County and  in particular Greenburgh (in Ardsley and Tarrytown) developed a strong bio-tech presence. Decades earlier and at the very location where The Jefferson is planned to be built, giant chemical companies like Ciba-Geigy, Stauffer Chemical and Azko Nobel had extensive manufacturing and research facilities. Greenburgh Town Board councilmember Diana Juettner's late husband, Paul Juettner, was a patent attorney for Stauffer Chemical. This is why the property is zoned for General Industrial use.

Alexander then writes about JPI/TDI's recent TOD project in Farmingdale, NY in Nassau County on Long Island, Jefferson Plaza where he was also their legal advisor:

"Most important to the attraction of millennials, the development is located diagonally across the street from the Farmingdale train station of the Long Island Rail Road, and is also one block away from Farmingdale's Main Street retail corridor that includes a variety of charming shops and restaurants."

Nevertheless, Alexander and JPI/TDI (whose East Coast office is in Irvington across the street from its train station in true TOD style), are pushing the fiction that The Jefferson,which is nowhere near a train station or a block away from "charming shops and restaurants" is both necessary and good.  

Yes, its good for those who are peddling the snake oil that The Jefferson will help our community "facilitate an efficient working and living environment."

At the next scoping session, lets ask that it include the cost of giving these hucksters a one way ticket  back to Irving, Texas.

Who Owns "The Jefferson at Saw Mill" site?

At the first scoping session to determine what environmental issues and impacts will be studied with respect to The Jefferson at Saw Mill, the developer's counsel (Neil Alexander of the law firm of  Cuddy and Feder LLP) was asked whether his client JPI/TDI (the developer) owned the One Lawrence Street property where they want to build The Jefferson.

For unknown reasons, Mr. Alexander seemed to hesitate in answering the question which was repeated several times.  The answer, of course, is no. The property is still owned by Azko Nobel, N.V., a Dutch multinational which is active in the fields of decorative paints, performance coasting and specialty chemicals.

Mr. Alexander did note that even though his client was not the current property owner, they have the right to proceed with their application to seek site plan approval of The Jefferson project from the Town Board.

That is true.

It is customary for a developer to enter into an agreement to buy a parcel conditioned on land use approvals by the municipalities and other governing authorities where the property is located or who have jurisdiction over the site. In the case of The Jefferson, there are many required approvals by various municipalities and government departments. For example, underneath the site is a sewer pipe overseen by the Westchester County Department of Environmental Facilities. The developer's construction plans must be approved by that department and there may even be additional on site inspections if any work ever starts.W Moreover, depending on what happens with the Town Board, approvals for various aspects of the project will have to be obtained from Greenburgh's Zoning and Planning Boards such as variances for the proposed height of the buildings.  A variance is a permitted deviation from the rules a municipality applies to land use and land development as may be found in a zoning code. For example, when homeowners seek to build an extension, they often need to obtain a variance from the zoning codes in terms of setback requirements from their neighbor's property line. For those so inclined, public hearings on variances can be viewed on the Town Board's website which contains recordings of prior Zoning Board hearings.

However, in all likelihood (for which there is no certainty as the actual contract of sale between the developer and Azko Nobel is not public), the most significant condition is the cost of the environmental cleanup of the property which is considered a "brownfield." The Environmental Protection Agency defines a brownfield as "abandoned, idled or under-used industrial and commercial sites where expansion or redevelopment is complicated by real or perceived environmental contamination that can add cost, time or uncertainly to a redevelopment project."

Along these lines, the developer has entered into and been accepted as a volunteer in New York State's brownfields cleanup program. This program provides a number of different tax subsidies to developers who "volunteer" to clean up contaminated land so that it can be developed into more productive uses.  In the case of The Jefferson, this may potentially result in a 40% recovery of its remediation and construction costs.  Whether it is a proper use of tax dollars to subsidize luxury housing is a political issue that has been covered previously on this blog. In fact, the abuse of the brownfields tax subsidies in connection with luxury developments in New York City resulted in major changes to the law in 2015. In Westchester, one of the most cited abuses was the issuance of brownfield tax credits to build the Ritz-Carlton Hotel in White Plains where its BLT steakhouse boasts a 12-ounce American Wagyu ribeye for $94.

 However, the recent legislative changes were mostly aimed at development in New York City and  did not materially impact future developments in Westchester County. It does appear JPI/TDI started its process with the Department of Environmental Conservation just before the brownfields legislation changed. There was also a risk the law itself would not be renewed.

As reported on the website of the Edgemont Community Council, the Town of Greenburgh has entered into a contract of sale of the former Frank's Nursery site on Dobbs Ferry Road.  According to the ECC:

Ever since the Town acquired the environmentally contaminated property in early 2011 in a tax foreclosure sale, Town Supervisor Paul Feiner has been assuring taxpayers that the sale of the property would net millions of dollars for the Town.

Now, nearly five years later, after having a professional real estate auctioneer try to market the property for nearly two years, town officials will ink a deal this week to sell the property for $3,520,000, but with a catch: the Town is on the hook for up to $2 million of the purchase price to get the site cleaned up.

If it costs more than $2 million to clean up the site, either side can walk away from the deal.  While the state (sic) has applied for state funding to help pay for the cleanup, there is no guarantee that any funding will be provided.

As revealed at the February 27, 2015  Town Board work session (which can be found on the Town's poorly designed and non-user friendly website under archived "live" Town Board meetings) there is no current NYS program for towns such as Greenburgh to obtain funding to help pay for the cleanup.

As is true with the Town's contract to sell Frank's to an assisted living facility, the contract between JPI/TDI and Akzo Nobel likely has a similar provision that if the cleanup costs are too high, the developer retains the option to walk away and not purchase the property. That is generally how development contracts work. It is interesting to note that in White Plains, where a contentious fight is ongoing regarding the development of the failed Ridgeway Golf Club, the property was apparently bought by the intended user, The French American School of New York (FASNY)  without being subject to FASNY first obtaining land use approval as to whether it can be converted to a school. Obviously this a risk but many factors go into making business decisions.

According to the Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC), the developer of The Jefferson is scheduled to begin what is known in DEC lingo as "Site Characterization and Remedial Investigation" to determine the scope of the contamination and its plans for remediation. These test results and plans must then be submitted to the DEC's offices in both Region 3 (which covers Westchester) and Albany for approval. However, as the site is over 10 acres in size and bounded on both sides by the Saw Mill River, the investigation could take many months.

As the proposed land use approval process continues at the second scoping session on February 10, 2016 before the Town Board  (the meeting is still scheduled to be held at Greenburgh Town Hall), we should keep in mind this quote from the late David Bowie:


"I don't know where I'm going from here, but I promise it won't be boring."

Can the Village of Ardsley Secede from the Town of Greenbrugh?

Various Ardsley group postings on Facebook (created by Mark Zuckerberg,

a Dobbs Ferry resident whose family lived in the Ardsley School District)

are asking questions such as:

Can Ardsley leave the Town of Greenburgh?

The answer is essentially no.

New York State's government structures have developed over the past four centuries. Everyone knows in 2016 they are antiquated. But modernizing them is exceedingly hard. Under New York State law, every village must be located within a Town.

Village residents actually live in three local municipalities - Village, Town and County. State residents who don't live in towns or villages live in cities. (We also have Indian reservations in New York State). There are a few coterminous town/villages such as Scarsdale, Harrison and Mount Kisco. Scarsdale was originally a town but in order to fend off an attempt by the City of White Plains to annex a portion of it, Scarsdale became a village. Village borders cannot be changed unless the residents who live there give their consent. But, as is true in the case of Scarsdale, its town/village borders do not match up with its school district boundaries. To further illustrate the Byzantine nature of local government in New York State, nine villages are located in more than one county, and sixty five are in more than one town.

In 1998, a tree fell in a special park district in the Edgemont section of Greenburgh near Central Avenue and killed a man and paralyzed his wife. Because the Town of Greenburgh was woefully under insured, the multimillion dollar settlement of the lawsuit required taxpayers to pay the damages.

But which taxpayers?

When the Town sought to charge the villages (Ardsley, Hastings, Irvington, Tarrytown, Elmsford and Dobbs Ferry) for costs of the settlement which exceeded the available insurance, the Villages began to speak openly of secession. As reported by The New York Times:

"The immediate trigger was a dispute over whether the villages -- Ardsley, Dobbs Ferry, Elmsford, Hastings-on-Hudson, Irvington and Tarrytown -- should help bankroll a $9 million settlement with a Yonkers woman paralyzed and widowed when a tree fell onto her car on Central Park Avenue in June 1998.

The tree fell to the road from a park in the unincorporated portion of Greenburgh. The villages, which pay for parks of their own, have argued that they should not have to contribute any cash to the settlement."

However the grievances that gave rise to that secession proposal were forgotten, the politicians favoring it left office or on further investigation it was discovered that creating a new town was too cumbersome and not worth doing. Hopefully the Town learned its lesson about the need for adequate insurance (for example at the time, the Village of Ardsley, 1/10th the population size of unincorporated Greenburgh, had 11 million dollars in coverage while the Town had about 3 million - not much more than many homeowners carry!)

How did this happen?

The key difference between town government and village government is that villages are managed day to day by professional Village Managers who are the equivalent of Chief Executive Officers. They do not spend their time issuing daily press releases or raising money. Instead, they focus on the day to day nuts and bolts of governing a municipality. That is why, for example, Ardsley was able to secure federal grants to create a new and transformational concrete sidewalk along Heatherdell Road - through the sustained efforts of its then Village Manager George Calvi with the support and leadership of the Ardsley Board of Trustees (including Mayors Leon and Porcino who both started as trustees) over a nearly ten year period.

Village Boards also tend to be populated by individuals who have a greater variety of experience in business, engineering and law which leads to better decision making. Finally, Village Board members are not career politicians. They have usually served on a number of local boards (zoning, planning, school, architectural review, etc.) as an apprenticeship before they become Trustees. There is no "Town Manager" in Greenburgh.

Now in 2016, the feeling of village solidarity from the mid-1990s that arose from the "tree case” is somewhat gone - Ardsley sued Dobbs Ferry over Rivertowns Square (and rightfully so). There are calls for Ardsleyans to boycott Rivertowns Square. Hastings approved The Lofts on Saw Mill River Road in a seemingly middle of the night manner that has upset many Ardsley and Greenburgh residents.

The last village in Westchester to actually secede from a town appears to have been Rye in 1942. Rye actually became a city (which requires the permission of the State legislature in Albany) because its residents no longer wanted to pay the welfare costs for neighboring areas in the Town of Rye like Port Chester. Even given our dysfunctional New York State legislature, that reason would not past muster today. However, do not look for any new municipalities to be formed anytime soon as under Governor Andrew Cuomo, legislation was passed to push for municipal consolidation which disfavors the creation of more layers of government. This was, in part, behind the effort by Town Supervisor Feiner to consolidate the three professional fire districts in Greenburgh and to push for the merger of the Dobbs Ferry police department with Greenburgh's police department. Neither succeeded largely over a fear of loss of local control.

Westchester is tribal.

While it may seem the answer to stopping over-development in the Ardsley School District is extending Ardsley’s village borders to be coterminous with its school district to better control land use, this is, for many reasons, extremely difficult as the school district borders extend over parts of the villages of both Dobbs Ferry and Hastings and large sections of unincorporated Greenbrugh (such as the Chauncey section where The Jefferson is intended to be built). Just ask your neighbors in these villages or areas who are in the school district but outside Ardsley’s village borders at your next birthday party if they are willing to become part of a greater Ardsley village and see the reaction.

As wise person observed, to understand something, try changing it.

Redrawing School Boundaries and Boycotts

1.The process for redrawing school district boundaries in Westchester County is Sisyphean. It would involve obtaining the consent of the school district who would be inheriting the transferred students and payment of financial compensation from the school district who wants to send new students to another district.

It would require the consent of the State Education Commissioner.

It is a distraction from the effort to Stop The Jefferson.

It is divisive. It pits neighbor against neighbor.

It is not going to happen.

Let's keep our focus on The Jefferson and the harm it will do to everyone who lives in all our Rivertowns communities.

2. Have you been to The Galleria, The Westchester or Woodbury Commons recently? The are all owned by Simon Malls. Did you know Simon Malls is being boycotted by 2nd Amendment zealots who don't like that Simon Malls opposes guns in their malls?  Boycotts come and go. Few are successful. Most are forgettable like the silly one this past holiday season over coffee cups.

While it may be a nice soundbite to say "boycott Rivertowns Square," its success will most likely be fleeting.  Most people shop based on price and convenience. Thats why last year 20 billion dollars of furniture was sold through e-commerce on sites like Wayfair.  Feel good measures won't stop The Jefferson. As President Obama ably explained in his last State of the Union speech - our type of democracy is hard. We need to spend time studying the land use process. We need to look at the numbers JPI is relying on and show how they are faulty or misleading. We need to show up at all the meetings that will be held before the Town Board, the planning board and the zoning board. We have to guard against the well known developer strategy of wearing us down with last minute cancelled meetings or government officials and employees who keep aspects of the process hidden or hard to find as we see now with the Town's website.

That will take a lot of energy and the need to build coalitions with others in the Town who may have issues we can support in exchange.   The Jefferson poses,  as former Ardsley Mayor John Morehouse noted, an almost existential risk to our area. We need to get the best scoping document we can. We have to hold our elected officials to their pronouncements that if no material benefit is shown to Ardsley, they will not approve it. Let's not get sidetracked.

Urgent Repair Memo to the Town's Self Described Problem Solver

To: Supervisor Paul Feiner
From: Greenburgh Taxpayers
Subject: Overdue Repairs
Priority: High
January 15, 2016

1. The problems with the sound system at Town Hall have gone on for far too long. This must be fixed before the next scoping session. No more excuses. Call the A/V experts at KVL right here in Greenburgh on Saw Mill River Road - today!

2. Municipal websites were  recently ranked. Greenburgh's was one of the worst. Town residents are now seeing why. The information about The Jefferson is absurdly buried deeply in the forms and documents section of the Community Development and Conservation  Department section. Archived Town Board meetings are hidden in the "live" Town Board meetings link. This is the plastic version of open Government not the gold standard we deserve. Make the documents and links to The Jefferson easily  accessible. Fix and update the website so it looks like something from 2016 not 1992 when you first took office.

3. Your campaign literature and the sign on your car claim you are the problem solver. If so, prove it and fix these problems. Please feel free to email back your scheduled date for making these repairs.

How to Stop The Jefferson

There will always be a group of people who stand on the sidelines believing The Jefferson will be approved regardless of all the meetings, petitions, letters to the editor or promising statements by politicians.

In his recent State of the Union address, President Obama took this defeatist attitude head on:


"It’s a lot easier to be cynical; to accept that change is not possible, and politics is hopeless, 
and the problem is all the folks who are elected don't care, and to believe that our voices 
and actions don’t matter. But if we give up now, then we forsake a better future. Those with 
money and power will gain greater control over the decisions that could send a young soldier 
to war, or allow another economic disaster, or roll back the equal rights and voting rights that 
generations of Americans have fought, even died, to secure. And then, as frustration grows, 
there will be voices urging us to fall back into our respective tribes, to scapegoat fellow  
citizens who don’t look like us, or pray like us, or vote like we do, or share the same 
background.

We can’t afford to go down that path. It won’t deliver the economy we want. It will not produce the security we want. But most of all, it contradicts everything that makes us the envy of the world.

So, my fellow Americans, whatever you may believe, whether you prefer one party or no party, whether you supported my agenda or fought as hard as you could against it -- our collective futures depends on your willingness to uphold your duties as a citizen. To vote. To speak out. To stand up for others, especially the weak, especially the vulnerable, knowing that each of us is only here because somebody, somewhere, stood up for us. We need every American to stay active in our public life -- and not just during election time -- so that our public life reflects the goodness and the decency that I see in the American people every single day.

It is not easy. Our brand of democracy is hard."

Now it is our time to stand up. To stand up for our children. To insure a better future for our community and oppose the marketing gimmickry of those who claim The Jefferson is good for our community when the evidence is overwhelmingly clear its only good for the Texas developer.

 As numerous residents commented at the first scoping session, they want the children in our community that follow their children to receive the same excellent education theirs did and it would be criminal if that did not happen.

Standing up together in even greater numbers at the upcoming February 10 second scoping session- that is how we will Stop The Jefferson. 

Get involved. Stay involved  and always bring your New York values. 

Texas vs. Ardsley at The Jefferson

Here is the Vision Statement of the Ardsley School District:

District Vision:

Building on a tradition of academic excellence and success for every student, we cultivate passionate learners and informed global citizens who actively influence their world.

Here is the mission statement of JPI,  (http://jpi.com) the developer of The Jefferson:

THE OWNERS’ VALUES

• Be faithful & obedient to God
• Be respectful to & help develop all people
• Be committed to excellence
• Be committed to service
• Be a person of character
• Grow profitably

Based on the foregoing, Is it not unreasonable to ask JPI :

To be faithful and obedient to the will of the people who live in the Rivertowns who are nearly unanimously opposed to  the The Jefferson development? 

To respect our community's  fervent desire they not proceed with this mega-project of dubious merit that the elected members of the  Ardsley School Board convincingly argue will compromise its ability to deliver on its mission? 

If you agree, it is suggested you contact Mark A. Bryant, JPI/TDI's President and CEO

at  mark.bryant@tdire.com 

    Telephone Number: 972.556.1700.

     600 East Las Colinas
     Suite 1800 
     Irving, Texas 75039

or the Texas based press agent for JPI:

David Margulies
david@prexperts.net